Which of the following is a primary function of the F0 domain in mitochondrial ATP synthase?

The primary function of the F0 domain in mitochondrial ATP synthase is to cause rotation of the γ-subunit. The F0 domain functions as a proton channel embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. As protons flow through this domain from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix, they cause the rotation of the F0 complex, including the central γ-subunit.

This rotational movement is critical because it leads to conformational changes in the F1 domain, which is responsible for the actual synthesis of ATP. Therefore, the F0 domain's role in the rotation of the γ-subunit is essential for driving the ATP synthesis process, making this function central to the overall operation of ATP synthase.

In contrast, the formation of ATP from ADP is facilitated by the F1 domain, while stabilizing the F1 domain and transporting NADH occur through distinct mechanisms and structures within the mitochondrion. This highlights the specific function of the F0 domain and its vital role in the ATP synthesis process.