What type of group does transketolase transfer?

Transketolase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the pentose phosphate pathway, specifically in the carbohydrate metabolism. This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon keto group from a ketose donor, such as xylulose 5-phosphate, to an aldose acceptor, like ribose 5-phosphate. The reaction creates a new sugar, ribulose 5-phosphate, and a new two-carbon keto donor.

This transfer of the two-carbon keto group is essential for the interconversion of sugars and the maintenance of cellular metabolism, as it helps produce ribose-5-phosphate, which is vital for nucleotide synthesis. The specificity of transketolase to transfer this type of group distinguishes it from other enzymes that might transfer an amino or hydroxyl group.

Understanding the action of transketolase is important for comprehending the larger context of metabolic pathways, specifically how sugars are reshuffled and utilized in various cellular processes.